Unit 3:
Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency

The Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency unit covers concepts related to three topics:

Mechanisms and Efficiency
Students learn how a machine's efficiency depends on the forces being applied, how much force or motion is magnified by the machine as it is transmitted through different media, and how the amount of friction in the system affects the efficiency of a machine. Students use formulas to mathematically calculate the mechanical advantage, velocity ratio, and mechanical efficiency of a variety of mechanisms, as well as use their knowledge to design and build a mechanical system.

Efficient Systems
Students gain an understanding of machines as a system of linked parts or simple machines that work together to do a job. They examine various simple machines like levers, pulleys, and gears, how they are used, and how they can be linked in a system. They also explore the difference between pneumatic and hydraulic systems.

Designing and Building Efficient Products
Students consider not just the design and operation of a machine but also the personal and societal factors that it will affect if the product is manufactured. These factors include design, materials, function, disposal, environmental impact of the product, safety, ease of use, and adaptability. Students analyze and test products and suggest modifications to the design of the products.

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